Yet these strategies can still be desirable since they usually cost less when compared to a single options leg. There are many types of spreads and variations on each. Here, we just discuss some of the basics. Vertical spreads involve selling one option to buy another. Generally, the second option is the same type and same expiration but a different strike. A bull call spread, or bull call vertical spread , is created by buying a call and simultaneously selling another call with a higher strike price and the same expiration.

The spread is profitable if the underlying asset increases in price, but the upside is limited due to the short call strike. The benefit, however, is that selling the higher strike call reduces the cost of buying the lower one. Similarly, a bear put spread , or bear put vertical spread, involves buying a put and selling a second put with a lower strike and the same expiration.

If you buy and sell options with different expirations, it is known as a calendar spread or time spread. A butterfly spread consists of options at three strikes, equally spaced apart, wherein all options are of the same type either all calls or all puts and have the same expiration. In a long butterfly, the middle strike option is sold and the outside strikes are bought in a ratio of buy one, sell two, buy one.

If this ratio does not hold, it is no longer a butterfly. The outside strikes are commonly referred to as the wings of the butterfly, and the inside strike as the body. The value of a butterfly can never fall below zero. Closely related to the butterfly is the condor —the difference is that the middle options are not at the same strike price. Combinations are trades constructed with both a call and a put.

Why not just buy the stock? Maybe some legal or regulatory reason restricts you from owning it. But you may be allowed to create a synthetic position using options. For instance, if you buy an equal amount of calls as you sell puts at the same strike and expiration, you have created a synthetic long position in the underlying.

Boxes are another example of using options in this way to create a synthetic loan, an options spread that effectively behave like a zero-coupon bond until it expires. American options can be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date.

European options are different from American options in that they can only be exercised at the end of their lives on their expiration date. The distinction between American and European options has nothing to do with geography, only with early exercise. Many options on stock indexes are of the European type. Because the right to exercise early has some value, an American option typically carries a higher premium than an otherwise identical European option.

This is because the early exercise feature is desirable and commands a premium. There are also exotic options , which are exotic because there might be a variation on the payoff profiles from the plain vanilla options. Or they can become totally different products all together with "optionality" embedded in them. For example, binary options have a simple payoff structure that is determined if the payoff event happens regardless of the degree.

Other types of exotic options include knock-out, knock-in, barrier options, lookback options, Asian options , and Bermuda options. Again, exotic options are typically for professional derivatives traders. Options can also be categorized by their duration. Short-term options are those that generally expire within a year. Long-term options with expirations greater than a year are classified as long-term equity anticipation securities , or LEAPs.

LEAPs are identical to regular options except that they have longer durations. Options can also be distinguished by when their expiration date falls. Sets of options now expire weekly on each Friday, at the end of the month, or even on a daily basis. Index and ETF options also sometimes offer quarterly expiries.

More and more traders are finding option data through online sources. Though each source has its own format for presenting the data, the key components of an options table or options chain generally include the following variables:.

Because options prices can be modeled mathematically with a model such as the Black-Scholes model, many of the risks associated with options can also be modeled and understood. This particular feature of options actually makes them arguably less risky than other asset classes, or at least allows the risks associated with options to be understood and evaluated.

Individual risks have been assigned Greek letter names, and are sometimes referred to simply as "the Greeks. The basic Greeks include:. Exercising an option means executing the contract and buying or selling the underlying asset at the stated price.

Options trading is often used to hedge stock positions, but traders can also use options to speculate on price movements. For example, a trader might hedge an existing bet made on the price increase of an underlying security by purchasing put options. However, options contracts, especially short options positions, carry different risks than stocks and so are often intended for more experienced traders.

American options can be exercised anytime before expiration, but European options can be exercised only at the stated expiry date. The risk content of options is measured using four different dimensions known as "the Greeks. Call and put options are generally taxed based on their holding duration.

They incur capital gains taxes. Beyond that, the specifics of taxed options depend on their holding period and whether they are naked or covered.

Options do not have to be difficult to understand when you grasp their basic concepts. Options can provide opportunities when used correctly and can be harmful when used incorrectly. Options Industry Council. CME Group. American-Style Options. Options and Derivatives.

Company News Markets News Cryptocurrency News Personal Finance News Economic News Government News. Your Money. Personal Finance. Your Practice. Popular Courses. Table of Contents Expand. Table of Contents. What Are Options? How Options Work. Types of Options: Calls and Puts.

How to Trade Options. American vs. European Options. Short-Term vs. Long-Term Options. Reading Options Tables. Options Risks: The "Greeks". The Bottom Line. Trading Options and Derivatives. Key Takeaways An option is a contract giving the buyer the right—but not the obligation—to buy in the case of a call or sell in the case of a put the underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date. People use options for income, to speculate, and to hedge risk.

Options are known as derivatives because they derive their value from an underlying asset. A stock option contract typically represents shares of the underlying stock, but options may be written on any sort of underlying asset from bonds to currencies to commodities. Options Are Derivatives Options belong to the larger group of securities known as derivatives. Call Options Put Options Buyers of call options use them to hedge against their position of a declining price for the security or commodity.

Buyers of put options use them to hedge against their position of a rising price for the security or commodity. American importers can use call options on the U.

dollar to hedge against a decline in their purchasing power. American exporters can use put options on the U. dollar to hedge against a rise in their selling costs. Holders of American depository receipts ADRs in foreign companies can use call options on the U. NFT: What are you eating this weekend? NFT: Mets sign C Omar Narvaez.

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Specify the installation directory for object code libraries and internal data files of GCC. Specify the installation directory for internal executables of GCC.

Specify the installation directory for the shared libgcc library. The default is libdir. Specify the root of the directory tree for read-only architecture-independent data files referenced by GCC.

Specify the installation directory for documentation in info format. Specify the installation directory for some architecture-independent data files referenced by GCC. The default is datarootdir. Specify the installation directory for documentation files other than Info for GCC.

Specify the installation directory for HTML documentation files. The default is docdir. Specify the installation directory for PDF documentation files. Specify the installation directory for manual pages. Note that the manual pages are only extracts from the full GCC manuals, which are provided in Texinfo format. The manpages are derived by an automatic conversion process from parts of the full manual.

The default depends on other configuration options, and differs between cross and native configurations. Specify additional command line driver SPECS. GCC supports some transformations of the names of its programs when installing them. This option prepends prefix to the names of programs to install in bindir see above. Appends suffix to the names of programs to install in bindir see above.

All three options can be combined and used together, resulting in more complex conversion patterns. As a basic rule, prefix and suffix are prepended appended before further transformations can happen with a special transformation script pattern.

As a last shortcoming, none of the installed Ada programs are transformed yet, which will be fixed in some time. Specify the installation directory for local include files.

Specifying --prefix has no effect on which directory GCC searches for local header files. This may seem counterintuitive, but actually it is logical. The purpose of --prefix is to specify where to install GCC. They are part of other programs—perhaps many others. GCC installs its own header files in another directory which is based on the --prefix value. The local-prefix include directory is searched before the GCC-prefix include directory. Another characteristic of system include directories is that pedantic warnings are turned off for headers in these directories.

This may result in a search order different from what was specified but the directory will still be searched. Thus, when the same installation prefix is used for both GCC and packages, GCC will automatically search for both headers and libraries. This provides a configuration that is easy to use.

Sites that need to install multiple versions of GCC may not want to use the above simple configuration. It is possible to use the --program-prefix , --program-suffix and --program-transform-name options to install multiple versions into a single directory, but it may be simpler to use different prefixes and the --with-local-prefix option to specify the location of the site-specific files for each version.

It will then be necessary for users to specify explicitly the location of local site libraries e. If it did contain them, certain programs would be miscompiled including GNU Emacs, on certain targets , because this would override and nullify the header file corrections made by the fixincludes script.

Indications are that people who use this option use it based on mistaken ideas of what it is for. People use it as if it specified where to install part of GCC. Perhaps they make this assumption because installing GCC creates the directory. Specifies that GCC should use only the major number rather than major.

patchlevel in filesystem paths. This option is most useful if you are creating a compiler that should be isolated from the system as much as possible. It is most commonly used with the --with-sysroot option and will cause GCC to search dirname inside the system root specified by that option. Build shared versions of libraries, if shared libraries are supported on the target platform.

Unlike GCC 2. x and earlier, shared libraries are enabled by default on all platforms that support shared libraries. If a list of packages is given as an argument, build shared libraries only for the listed packages. For other packages, only static libraries will be built. Use --disable-shared to build only static libraries. Note that --disable-shared does not accept a list of package names as argument, only --enable-shared does.

Specify that the host code should be built into position-independent machine code with -fPIC , allowing it to be used within shared libraries, but yielding a slightly slower compiler. Specify that the compiler should assume that the assembler it finds is the GNU assembler.

However, this does not modify the rules to find an assembler and will result in confusion if the assembler found is not actually the GNU assembler. Confusion may also result if the compiler finds the GNU assembler but has not been configured with --with-gnu-as.

The following systems are the only ones where it makes a difference whether you use the GNU assembler. On any other system, --with-gnu-as has no effect. Specify that the compiler should use the assembler pointed to by pathname , rather than the one found by the standard rules to find an assembler, which are:. You may want to use --with-as if no assembler is installed in the directories listed above, or if you have multiple assemblers installed and want to choose one that is not found by the above rules.

Same as --with-as but for the debug linker only used on Darwin platforms so far. Specify the default TLS dialect, for systems were there is a choice. For ARM targets, possible values for dialect are gnu or gnu2 , which select between the original GNU dialect and the GNU TLS descriptor-based dialect. Specify whether to enable or disable multiarch support.

The default is to check for glibc start files in a multiarch location, and enable it if the files are found. The auto detection is enabled for native builds, and for cross builds configured with --with-sysroot , and without --with-native-system-header-dir. Only use this option if you are sure you need a different setting.

Specify whether to enable or disable the vtable verification feature. However the libvtv library will still be built see --disable-libvtv to turn off building libvtv. Specify that the run-time library used for coverage analysis and associated host tools should not be built. Specify that multiple target libraries to support different target variants, calling conventions, etc. should not be built.

The default is to build a predefined set of them. Some targets provide finer-grained control over which multilibs are built e. Specify what multilibs to build. list is a comma separated list of values, possibly consisting of a single value. The accepted values and meaning for each target is given below. list is a comma separated list of ilp32 , and lp64 to enable ILP32 and LP64 run-time libraries, respectively.

If list is empty, then there will be no multilibs and only the default run-time library will be built. list is a comma separated list of aprofile and rmprofile to build multilibs for A or R and M architecture profiles respectively. Note that, due to some limitation of the current multilib framework, using the combined aprofile,rmprofile multilibs selects in some cases a less optimal multilib than when using the multilib profile for the architecture targetted.

The special value default is also accepted and is equivalent to omitting the option, i. It is recommended, but not required, that files used for this purpose to be named starting with t-ml- , to make their intended purpose self-evident, in line with GCC conventions. Such files enable custom, user-chosen multilib lists to be configured. Whether multiple such files can be used together depends on the contents of the supplied files.

The macros expected to be defined in these fragments are not stable across GCC releases, so make sure they define the MULTILIB -related macros expected by the version of GCC you are building. The table below gives the combination of ISAs, architectures, FPUs and floating-point ABIs for which multilibs are built for each predefined profile. The union of these options is considered when specifying both aprofile and rmprofile.

If list is empty or default , or if --with-multilib-list is not specified, then the default ABI as specified by --with-abi or implied by --target is selected. list is a single ABI name.

The target architecture must be either rv32gc or rv64gc. This will build a single multilib for the specified architecture and ABI pair. If --with-multilib-list is not given, then a default set of multilibs is selected based on the value of --target. This is usually a large set of multilibs. list is a comma separated list of CPU names. The list should not contain any endian options - these are handled by --with-endian. If list is empty, then there will be no multilibs for extra processors.

The multilib for the secondary endian remains enabled. As a special case, if an entry in the list starts with a! exclamation point , then it is added to the list of excluded multilibs. has been stripped. This is usually the complete set of libraries, but some targets imply a more specialized subset. Example 1: to configure a compiler for SH4A only, but supporting both endians, with little endian being the default:. Example 2: to configure a compiler for both SH4A and SH4AL-DSP, but with only little endian SH4AL:.

list is a comma separated list of m32 , m64 and mx32 to enable bit, bit and x32 run-time libraries, respectively. If list is empty, then there will be no multilibs and only the default run-time library will be enabled. If --with-multilib-list is not given, then only bit and bit run-time libraries will be enabled.

config is a semicolon separated list of values, possibly consisting of a single value. The accepted values and meanings are given below. Every config is constructed with four components: architecture string, ABI, reuse rule with architecture string and reuse rule with sub-extension.

Example 3: Add multi-lib suppport for rv32i with ilp32; rv32im with ilp32 and rv32ic with ilp32 will reuse this multi-lib set. Example 4: Add multi-lib suppport for rv64ima with lp64; rv64imaf with lp64, rv64imac with lp64 and rv64imafc with lp64 will reuse this multi-lib set.

Example 6: Add multi-lib suppport for rv64ima with lp64; rv64ima with lp64 and medlow code model; rv64ima with lp64 and medany code model. Specify that the target supports threads. On some systems, this is the default. In general, the best and, in many cases, the only known threading model available will be configured for use.

Beware that on some systems, GCC has not been taught what threading models are generally available for the system. Specify that threading support should be disabled for the system. Specify that lib is the thread support library. The possibilities for lib are:. Specify that the target supports TLS Thread Local Storage.

Usually configure can correctly determine if TLS is supported. In cases where it guesses incorrectly, TLS can be explicitly enabled or disabled with --enable-tls or --disable-tls. This can happen if the assembler supports TLS but the C library does not, or if the assumptions made by the configure test are incorrect.

Disable TM clone registry in libgcc. It is enabled in libgcc by default. This option helps to reduce code size for embedded targets which do not use transactional memory.

Specify which cpu variant the compiler should generate code for by default. This option is only supported on some targets, including ARC, ARM, i, M68k, PowerPC, and SPARC. It is mandatory for ARC. The --with-cpu and --with-cpu options specify separate default CPUs for bit and bit modes; these options are only supported for aarch64, i, x, PowerPC, and SPARC.

As with --with-cpu , which switches will be accepted and acceptable values of the arguments depend on the target. Specify if the compiler should default to -marm or -mthumb.

This option is only supported on ARM targets.

Like most GNU software, GCC must be configured before it can be built. This document describes the recommended configuration procedure for both native and cross targets.

Using these can lead to various sorts of build problems. To avoid this issue, set the PWDCMD environment variable to an automounter-aware pwd command, e. First, we highly recommend that GCC be built into a separate directory from the sources which does not reside within the source tree.

However, with the recommended method of building in a separate objdir , you should simply use a different objdir for each target. Second, when configuring a native system, either cc or gcc must be in your path or you must set CC in your environment before running configure. Otherwise the configuration scripts may fail.

If you will be distributing binary versions of GCC, with modifications to the source code, you should use the options described in this section to make clear that your version contains modifications.

Specify a string that identifies your package. You may wish to include a build number or build date. This version string will be included in the output of gcc --version. Specify the URL that users should visit if they wish to report a bug. You are of course welcome to forward bugs reported to you to the FSF, if you determine that they are not bugs in your modifications.

Specify the URL root that contains GCC option documentation. Specify the host, build and target machine configurations. You do this when you run the configure script. The build machine is the system which you are using, the host machine is the system where you want to run the resulting compiler normally the build machine , and the target machine is the system for which you want the compiler to generate code.

If you are building a compiler to produce code for the machine it runs on a native compiler , you normally do not need to specify any operands to configure ; it will try to guess the type of machine you are on and use that as the build, host and target machines. A configuration name may be canonical or it may be more or less abbreviated config. sub script produces canonical versions. A canonical configuration name has three parts, separated by dashes. Use options to override several configure time options for GCC.

Note that each --enable option has a corresponding --disable option and that each --with option has a corresponding --without option. Specify the toplevel installation directory. This is the recommended way to install the tools into a directory other than the default.

We highly recommend against dirname being the same or a subdirectory of objdir or vice versa. The following standard autoconf options are supported. Normally you should not need to use these options. Specify the toplevel installation directory for architecture-dependent files. The default is prefix. Specify the installation directory for object code libraries and internal data files of GCC.

Specify the installation directory for internal executables of GCC. Specify the installation directory for the shared libgcc library. The default is libdir. Specify the root of the directory tree for read-only architecture-independent data files referenced by GCC. Specify the installation directory for documentation in info format. Specify the installation directory for some architecture-independent data files referenced by GCC.

The default is datarootdir. Specify the installation directory for documentation files other than Info for GCC. Specify the installation directory for HTML documentation files. The default is docdir. Specify the installation directory for PDF documentation files. Specify the installation directory for manual pages. Note that the manual pages are only extracts from the full GCC manuals, which are provided in Texinfo format.

The manpages are derived by an automatic conversion process from parts of the full manual. The default depends on other configuration options, and differs between cross and native configurations. Specify additional command line driver SPECS. GCC supports some transformations of the names of its programs when installing them.

This option prepends prefix to the names of programs to install in bindir see above. Appends suffix to the names of programs to install in bindir see above. All three options can be combined and used together, resulting in more complex conversion patterns. As a basic rule, prefix and suffix are prepended appended before further transformations can happen with a special transformation script pattern.

As a last shortcoming, none of the installed Ada programs are transformed yet, which will be fixed in some time. Specify the installation directory for local include files. Specifying --prefix has no effect on which directory GCC searches for local header files.

This may seem counterintuitive, but actually it is logical. The purpose of --prefix is to specify where to install GCC. They are part of other programs—perhaps many others. GCC installs its own header files in another directory which is based on the --prefix value. The local-prefix include directory is searched before the GCC-prefix include directory. Another characteristic of system include directories is that pedantic warnings are turned off for headers in these directories. This may result in a search order different from what was specified but the directory will still be searched.

Thus, when the same installation prefix is used for both GCC and packages, GCC will automatically search for both headers and libraries. This provides a configuration that is easy to use. Sites that need to install multiple versions of GCC may not want to use the above simple configuration. It is possible to use the --program-prefix , --program-suffix and --program-transform-name options to install multiple versions into a single directory, but it may be simpler to use different prefixes and the --with-local-prefix option to specify the location of the site-specific files for each version.

It will then be necessary for users to specify explicitly the location of local site libraries e. If it did contain them, certain programs would be miscompiled including GNU Emacs, on certain targets , because this would override and nullify the header file corrections made by the fixincludes script. Indications are that people who use this option use it based on mistaken ideas of what it is for.

People use it as if it specified where to install part of GCC. Perhaps they make this assumption because installing GCC creates the directory. Specifies that GCC should use only the major number rather than major. patchlevel in filesystem paths. This option is most useful if you are creating a compiler that should be isolated from the system as much as possible. It is most commonly used with the --with-sysroot option and will cause GCC to search dirname inside the system root specified by that option.

Build shared versions of libraries, if shared libraries are supported on the target platform. Unlike GCC 2. x and earlier, shared libraries are enabled by default on all platforms that support shared libraries. If a list of packages is given as an argument, build shared libraries only for the listed packages.

For other packages, only static libraries will be built. Use --disable-shared to build only static libraries. Note that --disable-shared does not accept a list of package names as argument, only --enable-shared does. Specify that the host code should be built into position-independent machine code with -fPIC , allowing it to be used within shared libraries, but yielding a slightly slower compiler.

Specify that the compiler should assume that the assembler it finds is the GNU assembler. However, this does not modify the rules to find an assembler and will result in confusion if the assembler found is not actually the GNU assembler. Confusion may also result if the compiler finds the GNU assembler but has not been configured with --with-gnu-as. The following systems are the only ones where it makes a difference whether you use the GNU assembler.

On any other system, --with-gnu-as has no effect. Specify that the compiler should use the assembler pointed to by pathname , rather than the one found by the standard rules to find an assembler, which are:. You may want to use --with-as if no assembler is installed in the directories listed above, or if you have multiple assemblers installed and want to choose one that is not found by the above rules.

Same as --with-as but for the debug linker only used on Darwin platforms so far. Specify the default TLS dialect, for systems were there is a choice. For ARM targets, possible values for dialect are gnu or gnu2 , which select between the original GNU dialect and the GNU TLS descriptor-based dialect. Specify whether to enable or disable multiarch support. The default is to check for glibc start files in a multiarch location, and enable it if the files are found.

The auto detection is enabled for native builds, and for cross builds configured with --with-sysroot , and without --with-native-system-header-dir. Only use this option if you are sure you need a different setting.

Specify whether to enable or disable the vtable verification feature.

The specified directory is not copied into the install tree, unlike the options --with-headers and --with-libs that this option obsoletes. By using put options, you could limit your downside risk and enjoy all the upside in a cost-effective way. x and earlier, shared libraries are enabled by default on all platforms that support shared libraries. 原创 Js逆向教程常见混淆AA和JJ js默认 支持Unicode的。所以支持所有的国家语种。有没有哪些国家的和O很像但不是O,和0很像但不是0,和p很像但不是p所以可以用这个相近的符号进行代码混淆。 The main component of holding long-term options is the use of leverage, which can magnify losses, to conduct the trade. Here, we just discuss some of the basics. Define if you want to enable the ifunc attribute.

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