This document provides guidance to ensure that your software applications are compatible with Volta. This application note is intended to help developers ensure that their NVIDIA CUDA applications will run properly on GPUs based on the NVIDIA Turing Architecture.

This document provides guidance to ensure that your software applications are compatible with Turing. This application note is intended to help developers ensure that their NVIDIA CUDA applications will run properly on GPUs based on the NVIDIA Ampere GPU Architecture. This document provides guidance to ensure that your software applications are compatible with NVIDIA Ampere GPU architecture. This application note is intended to help developers ensure that their NVIDIA CUDA applications will run properly on the Hopper GPUs.

This document provides guidance to ensure that your software applications are compatible with Hopper architecture. This application note is intended to help developers ensure that their NVIDIA CUDA applications will run properly on the Ada GPUs. This document provides guidance to ensure that your software applications are compatible with Ada architecture.

Applications that follow the best practices for the Kepler architecture should typically see speedups on the Maxwell architecture without any code changes. This guide summarizes the ways that applications can be fine-tuned to gain additional speedups by leveraging Maxwell architectural features. Applications that follow the best practices for the Maxwell architecture should typically see speedups on the Pascal architecture without any code changes.

This guide summarizes the ways that applications can be fine-tuned to gain additional speedups by leveraging Pascal architectural features. Applications that follow the best practices for the Pascal architecture should typically see speedups on the Volta architecture without any code changes. This guide summarizes the ways that applications can be fine-tuned to gain additional speedups by leveraging Volta architectural features.

Applications that follow the best practices for the Pascal architecture should typically see speedups on the Turing architecture without any code changes. This guide summarizes the ways that applications can be fine-tuned to gain additional speedups by leveraging Turing architectural features.

Applications that follow the best practices for the NVIDIA Volta architecture should typically see speedups on the NVIDIA Ampere GPU Architecture without any code changes. Applications that follow the best practices for the NVIDIA Volta architecture should typically see speedups on the Hopper GPU Architecture without any code changes. The NVIDIA Ada GPU architecture retains and extends the same CUDA programming model provided by previous NVIDIA GPU architectures such as NVIDIA Ampere and Turing, and applications that follow the best practices for those architectures should typically see speedups on the NVIDIA Ada architecture without any code changes.

This guide provides detailed instructions on the use of PTX, a low-level parallel thread execution virtual machine and instruction set architecture ISA. PTX exposes the GPU as a data-parallel computing device. This document explains how CUDA APIs can be used to query for GPU capabilities in NVIDIA Optimus systems. NVIDIA Video Decoder NVCUVID is deprecated.

This document shows how to write PTX that is ABI-compliant and interoperable with other CUDA code. This document shows how to inline PTX parallel thread execution assembly language statements into CUDA code.

It describes available assembler statement parameters and constraints, and the document also provides a list of some pitfalls that you may encounter.

The CUDA Occupancy Calculator allows you to compute the multiprocessor occupancy of a GPU by a given CUDA kernel. The cuBLAS library is an implementation of BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms on top of the NVIDIA CUDA runtime. It allows the user to access the computational resources of NVIDIA Graphical Processing Unit GPU , but does not auto-parallelize across multiple GPUs. The NVBLAS library is a multi-GPUs accelerated drop-in BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms built on top of the NVIDIA cuBLAS Library.

The nvJPEG Library provides high-performance GPU accelerated JPEG decoding functionality for image formats commonly used in deep learning and hyperscale multimedia applications. The NVIDIA® GPUDirect® Storage cuFile API Reference Guide provides information about the preliminary version of the cuFile API reference guide that is used in applications and frameworks to leverage GDS technology and describes the intent, context, and operation of those APIs, which are part of the GDS technology.

NVIDIA NPP is a library of functions for performing CUDA accelerated processing. The initial set of functionality in the library focuses on imaging and video processing and is widely applicable for developers in these areas.

NPP will evolve over time to encompass more of the compute heavy tasks in a variety of problem domains. The NPP library is written to maximize flexibility, while maintaining high performance. The PTX string generated by NVRTC can be loaded by cuModuleLoadData and cuModuleLoadDataEx, and linked with other modules by cuLinkAddData of the CUDA Driver API. This facility can often provide optimizations and performance not possible in a purely offline static compilation.

This guide shows how to compile a PTX program into GPU assembly code using APIs provided by the static PTX Compiler library. This guide is intended to help users get started with using NVIDIA CUDA on Windows Subsystem for Linux WSL 2. The guide covers installation and running CUDA applications and containers in this environment.

This document describes CUDA Compatibility, including CUDA Enhanced Compatibility and CUDA Forward Compatible Upgrade. The CUPTI-API. The CUDA Profiling Tools Interface CUPTI enables the creation of profiling and tracing tools that target CUDA applications. A technology introduced in Kepler-class GPUs and CUDA 5. This document introduces the technology and describes the steps necessary to enable a GPUDirect RDMA connection to NVIDIA GPUs within the Linux device driver model. This is a reference document for nvcc, the CUDA compiler driver.

The NVIDIA tool for debugging CUDA applications running on Linux and QNX, providing developers with a mechanism for debugging CUDA applications running on actual hardware. CUDA-GDB is an extension to the x port of GDB, the GNU Project debugger.

The NVIDIA Nsight Compute is the next-generation interactive kernel profiler for CUDA applications. It provides detailed performance metrics and API debugging via a user interface and command line tool.

A number of issues related to floating point accuracy and compliance are a frequent source of confusion on both CPUs and GPUs. In this white paper we show how to use the cuSPARSE and cuBLAS libraries to achieve a 2x speedup over CPU in the incomplete-LU and Cholesky preconditioned iterative methods. We focus on the Bi-Conjugate Gradient Stabilized and Conjugate Gradient iterative methods, that can be used to solve large sparse nonsymmetric and symmetric positive definite linear systems, respectively.

Also, we comment on the parallel sparse triangular solve, which is an essential building block in these algorithms. This application note provides an overview of NVIDIA® Tegra® memory architecture and considerations for porting code from a discrete GPU dGPU attached to an x86 system to the Tegra® integrated GPU iGPU.

It also discusses EGL interoperability. The libdevice library is an LLVM bitcode library that implements common functions for GPU kernels. NVVM IR is a compiler IR intermediate representation based on the LLVM IR. The NVVM IR is designed to represent GPU compute kernels for example, CUDA kernels. High-level language front-ends, like the CUDA C compiler front-end, can generate NVVM IR. CUDA Toolkit Documentation v Release Notes The Release Notes for the CUDA Toolkit.

CUDA Features Archive The list of CUDA features by release. EULA The CUDA Toolkit End User License Agreement applies to the NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit, the NVIDIA CUDA Samples, the NVIDIA Display Driver, NVIDIA Nsight tools Visual Studio Edition , and the associated documentation on CUDA APIs, programming model and development tools.

Installation Guides  Quick Start Guide This guide provides the minimal first-steps instructions for installation and verifying CUDA on a standard system. Installation Guide Windows This guide discusses how to install and check for correct operation of the CUDA Development Tools on Microsoft Windows systems. Programming Guides  Programming Guide This guide provides a detailed discussion of the CUDA programming model and programming interface.

Staying true to its business plan, the initial product lines DEC focused on were modules, or electronic components, that were mounted to circuit boards. DEC began selling its first computer at the end of While continuing to release new PDPs into the market, DEC also charged forward in its delivery of new modules.

The Flip Chip came out in and was meant to convert the PDP-4 to the PDP Many of its subsequent module releases served a similar purpose: helping users convert their old computers to upgraded versions. It was in this year when DEC released the PDP-8, which is widely recognized as the first successful commercial minicomputer. In the interim, DEC came up with a revamped version of their PDP line and released the PDP minicomputer. Not only did it bring major upgraded features to their computing machines, it also was easier to use.

By the time it stopped selling it in the s, DEC sold over , of them, making it one of the most popular minicomputers ever. In addition, the design of the computer, as well as its operating system, turned out to be immensely popular with other computing companies, that eventually ended up using it as inspiration for their own work. After widespread success with its PDP, DEC made the move into high-end computers and launched the Virtual Address eXtension, or VAX.

This new bit minicomputer or supermini line aimed to provide users with a wide array of computing resources that would be more affordable, powerful, and smaller than what companies like IBM could offer at the time.

DEC continued to stay busy during this time, regularly putting out new models of the VAX. The VAX came out in and became an instant bestseller. DEC was recognized as one of the premier leaders in computing when it was named the second largest computer company, just behind IBM. DEC released Alpha AXP, which was a bit microprocessor created to solve the overly complicated circuit designs of its VAX computers and to ultimately speed up processing times.

DEC launched AltaVista, one of the first ever search engines for the Internet. It became incredibly popular with users. During the first day of its launch, AltaVista received , visits. Two years later, it received 80 million hits every day. Although AltaVista persisted long past the end or, more accurately, the acquisition of DEC, it was eventually sold to Yahoo in By the time rolled around, it was gone.

Other computer companies began to make moves for the flailing DEC. That day came in when Hewlett-Packard acquired Compaq. First, because it left such a lasting imprint on computing as we continue to know it, whether it was its contributions to computers, software, microchips, or even the internet itself.

Ansible supports several sources for configuring its behavior, including an ini file named ansible. cfg , environment variables, command-line options, playbook keywords, and variables.

See Controlling how Ansible behaves: precedence rules for details on the relative precedence of each source. The ansible-config utility allows users to see all the configuration settings available, their defaults, how to set them and where their current value comes from.

See ansible-config for more information. Changes can be made and used in a configuration file which will be searched for in the following order:.

cfg in the current directory. cfg in the home directory. The configuration file is one variant of an INI format. Both the hash sign and semicolon ; are allowed as comment markers when the comment starts the line. However, if the comment is inline with regular values, only the semicolon is allowed to introduce the comment. For instance:. You can generate a fully commented-out example ansible. cfg file, for example:.

You can use these as starting points to create your own ansible. cfg file. If Ansible were to load ansible. cfg from a world-writable current working directory, it would create a serious security risk. Another user could place their own config file there, designed to make Ansible run malicious code both locally and remotely, possibly with elevated privileges. For this reason, Ansible will not automatically load a config file from the current working directory if the directory is world-writable.

If your Ansible directories live on a filesystem which has to emulate Unix permissions, like Vagrant or Windows Subsystem for Linux WSL , you may, at first, not know how you can fix this as chmod , chown , and chgrp might not work there.

In most of those cases, the correct fix is to modify the mount options of the filesystem so the files and directories are readable and writable by the users and groups running Ansible but closed to others.

For more details on the correct settings, see:. for Vagrant, the Vagrant documentation covers synced folder permissions. for WSL, the WSL docs and this Microsoft blog post cover mount options. Please take appropriate steps to mitigate the security concerns above before doing so. You can specify a relative path for many configuration options. In most of those cases the path used will be relative to the ansible.

cfg file used for the current execution. If you need a path relative to your current working directory CWD you can use the {{CWD}} macro to specify it. We do not recommend this approach, as using your CWD as the root of relative paths can be a security risk. This is a copy of the options available from our release, your local install might have extra options due to additional plugins, you can use the command line utility mentioned above ansible-config to browse through those.

By default Ansible will issue a warning when received from a task action module or action plugin These warnings can be silenced by adjusting this setting to False. Display an agnostic become prompt instead of displaying a prompt containing the command line supplied become method. Specify where to look for the ansible-connection script. If null, ansible will start with the same directory as the ansible script. This setting allows suppressing colorizing output, which is used to give a better indication of failure and status information.

This is a global option, each connection plugin can override either by having more specific options or not supporting pipelining at all. Pipelining, if supported by the connection plugin, reduces the number of network operations required to execute a module on the remote server, by executing many Ansible modules without actual file transfer.

It can result in a very significant performance improvement when enabled. However this conflicts with privilege escalation become. This setting controls if become is skipped when remote user and become user are the same. E root sudo to root. If executable, it will be run and the resulting stdout will be used as the password. The password file to use for the become plugin. Colon separated paths in which Ansible will search for collections content.

Collections must be in nested subdirectories , not directly in these directories. dark gray. bright red. bright purple. asa': 'cisco. eos': 'arista. frr': 'frr. ios': 'cisco. iosxr': 'cisco. junos': 'junipernetworks.

nxos': 'cisco. vyos': 'vyos. exos': 'extreme. slxos': 'extreme. voss': 'extreme. ironware': 'community. Sets the output directory on the remote host to generate coverage reports to. Currently only used for remote coverage on PowerShell modules. This is for internal use only. A list of paths for files on the Ansible controller to run coverage for when executing on the remote host.

Only files that match the path glob will have its coverage collected. Multiple path globs can be specified and are separated by :. By default, such data is marked as unsafe to prevent the templating engine from evaluating any jinja2 templating language, as this could represent a security risk. This controls whether an Ansible playbook should prompt for a login password. If using SSH keys for authentication, you probably do not need to change this setting. Toggles debug output in Ansible.

This is very verbose and can hinder multiprocessing. Users may need to change this in rare instances when shell usage is constrained, but in most cases it may be left as is. If not set, it will fallback to the default from the ansible. This does not affect user defined tasks that use the ansible. setup module. The real action being created by the implicit task is currently ansible.

setup for POSIX systems but other platforms might have different defaults. setup actions. This option controls if notified handlers run on a host even if a failure occurs on that host. When false, the handlers will not run if a failure has occurred on a host. This can also be set per play or on the command line. See Handlers and Failure for more details.

See the module documentation for specifics. It does not apply to user defined ansible. setup tasks. Set the timeout in seconds for the implicit fact gathering, see the module documentation for specifics. This setting controls the default policy of fact gathering facts discovered about remote systems. This option can be useful for those wishing to save fact gathering time.

each new host that has no facts discovered will be scanned, but if the same host is addressed in multiple plays it will not be contacted again in the run. This setting controls how duplicate definitions of dictionary variables aka hash, map, associative array are handled in Ansible.

This does not affect variables whose values are scalars integers, strings or arrays. WARNING , changing this setting is not recommended as this is fragile and makes your content plays, roles, collections non portable, leading to continual confusion and misuse. We recommend avoiding reusing variable names and relying on the combine filter and vars and varnames lookups to create merged versions of the individual variables.

In our experience this is rarely really needed and a sign that too much complexity has been introduced into the data structures and plays. Most users of this setting are only interested in inventory scope, but the setting itself affects all sources and makes debugging even harder.

All playbooks and roles in the official examples repos assume the default for this setting. Changing the setting to merge applies across variable sources, but many sources will internally still overwrite the variables.

This option specifies a fallback path to a config file which is used if no. threetenabp', module: 'threetenabp' variant. Some LSP completers currently only Java completers support executing server specific commands. This is the default operation. If, after reading the installation and user guides, and checking the FAQ, you're still having trouble, check the contacts section below for how to get in touch.

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